A Survey of Need and Purchase Intention for Meal Kits - For Children’s Foodservice Managers in Changwon Areas -

In this study, a survey was conducted on the development of meal kits for children's foodservice to increase the convenience of the cooking process. It was performed among the foodservice managers in the 141 children’s foodservice facilities registered in the Center for Children’s Foodservice Management about meal-kits in Changwon areas. The survey results were analyzed according to the children’s foodservice scale type. The biggest problem in a foodservice system was “difficult to purchase food ingredients directly every week” (38.4%) in small-scale children’s foodservices, and “difficult to use the served menu without modification” (38.2%) in institutional children’s foodservices (P＜0.001). The most important factor when choosing the meal kit was “quality” (41.1%). Respondents on having an experience with using the meal kit were low at 34.8%, and the reasons for not using the meal kits were “expensive” (67.3%) and “not fresh food ingredients” (18.4%). The main reasons for not using children’s foodservice meal kits were “expensiveness” (64.4%) and “necessity of adding disinfection process” (16.1%). Most of the reasons for not wanting to use children’s foodservice meal kits were that they did not trust the safety of the meal kits. The use of meal kits in children’s foodservices may reduce the preparation process and increase the efficiency of foodservice although the safety and quality of meal kits should be guaranteed. The appropriate hygiene management standards need to be set, and HACCP should be applied to develop meal kits for children’s foodservices.

Analysis of the Rounding Guidance for Nutrition Management of Foodservices for Children in Certain Areas of Changwon

This study analyzed results of the rounding guidance by applying the nutrition management check list at of the Center for Children’s Foodservice Management (CCFM). Totally, 271 food services for children (65 institutional foodservices, 53 small scale foodservices, 153 family child care homes) were examined to identify the necessity of implementing a nutrition management strategy, and subsequently creating a priority list for nutrition management improvement measures. Of the 13 items examined in the nutrition management check list for children’s foodservices from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 8 performed well, with an overall performance rate of 90% or more. Improvement plans were required for items (all belonging to the menu area) such as ‘Post menu on noticeboard at children’s foodservice’ (62.0%), ‘Use the menu planned by dietician’ (64.9%), ‘Use menu suitable for recipients in children’s foodservice’ (76.8%), and ‘Provide menu to parents’ (79.0%)’. In the analysis of service size, the performance rate for ‘Use menu suitable for recipients in children’s foodservice’ revealed a substantially lower result (P＜0.01) for institutional foodservices (64.6%), as compared to small scale foodservices (71.7%) and family child care homes (83.7%). Since other check list items, did not show much differences by the service size, we ascertained it pointless to establish separate strategies based on different foodservice sizes.

Literature review and future tasks necessary to establish of Korean Dietary Reference Intake for choline / 한국영양학회지

Choline, an essential nutrient for humans, is required for the structural integrity of the cell membranes, methyl-group metabolism, synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, synthesis of the membrane phospholipid components of the cell membranes, and the transport of lipids and cholesterol. Choline can be synthesized in the body, but it is insufficient to meet the daily requirements and hence it must be obtained through the diet. In the United States/Canada, Australia/New Zealand, Europe, China, and Taiwan, the adequate intake (AI) and tolerable upper intake level (UL) of choline have been established, while the establishment of the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI) for choline was postponed due to the lack of a choline database for Korean foods and studies on the choline intake of Koreans. However, as part of the preparation work for the 2020 DRI revision and finalization, choline intake and the possibility of disease occurrence were verified through analysis of published data. The groundwork for the subsequent establishment of a choline DRI was laid through a literature search, evaluation, and review of the literature reported from 1949 up to 2019. This can be regarded as the culmination of this project. According to the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional observational studies in humans, approximately 400-500 mg/day of choline intake was effective in preventing liver function damage (fatty liver), neural tube damage, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and cognitive function improvement. The same amount of choline intake, however, also correlated with the risk of prostate and colorectal cancer. At present, there is limited information available on choline intake and health outcomes, particularly for the Korean population. More human studies, including clinical trials on the requirements and the physiological benefits associated with dietary intake, are needed to establish the KDRI for choline.

Effect of Sulgidduk containing pine needle juice on lipid metabolism in high fat-cholesterol diet induced dyslipidemic rats / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pine needles (Pinus densiflora seib et Zucc) are a traditional medicine used to treat dyslipidemia in clinical settings. This study examined the potential effects of sulgidduk, a Korean traditional rice cake containing pine needle juice to protect against dyslipidemia induced by a high-fat/sugidduk diet in a rat model. METHODS: Twenty one male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal control (NC), Sulgidduk diet (SD), Sulgidduk diet containing pine needle juice (PSD). The blood lipid levels, production of lipid peroxide in the plasma and liver, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver and feces, antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and erythrocytes were measured to assess the effects of PSD on dyslipidemia. RESULTS: A high-fat/Sulgidduk diet induced dyslipidemia, which was characterized by significantly altered lipid profiles in the plasma and liver. The food intake was similar in the three groups, but weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) were reduced significantly in the PSD group compared to those in the SD group. The level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TBARS in the plasma showed tendencies to decrease in the PSD group compared to those in the SD group. The levels of high-fat/Sulgidduk diet-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) gene expression were reduced significantly in the PSD group. The supplementation of PSD reduced the hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels significantly, and enhanced the fecal excretion of triglyceride and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the SD group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the addition of 0.4% pine needle juice to Sulgidduk may be an alternative snack to control dyslipidemia.

Developing a Basic Scale for Workers' Psychological Burden from the Perspective of Occupational Safety and Health

BACKGROUND: Organizations are pursing complex and diverse aims to generate higher profits. Many workers experience high work intensity such as workload and work pressure in this organizational environment. Especially, psychological burden is a commonly used term in workplace of Republic of Korea. This study focused on defining the psychological burden from the perspective of occupational safety and health and tried to develop a scale for psychological burden. METHODS: The 48 preliminary questionnaire items for psychological burden were prepared by a focus group interview with 16 workers through the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Mindful Awareness Attention Scale. The preliminary items were surveyed with 572 workers, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted for a new scale. RESULTS: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted: organizational activity, human error, safety and health workload, work attitude, and negative self-management. These factors had significant correlations and reliability, and the stability of the model for validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. CONCLUSION: The developed scale for psychological burden can measure workers' psychological burden in relation to safety and health. Despite some limitations, this study has applicability in the workplace, given the relatively small-sized questionnaire.

The Application and Effectiveness for Medical Procedural Skills through the Use of the Cadaver Model / 체질인류학회지

For this study, medical students, intern physicians, and resident physicians, were surveyed about the application and effectiveness for medical procedure training using cadaver. In this survey, with a target population of 170 individuals, 105 individuals (61.7%) showed positive responses to learning medical procedural using cadaver. Resident physicians group (80.8%) showed relatively positive responses compared to 4(th) year medical students (58.1%) and intern physicians (47.6%); however, this did not account for any significant statistical difference. Regarding the application of cadaver to medical procedural practices, 95 individuals (62.1%) showed positive responses. Resident physicians (74.5%) had the highest percentage of positive responses compared to intern physicians (56.7%) and 4(th) year medical students (56.6%), and there was a significant statistical difference. Suture (15.7%) was ranked first as the most suitable medical procedural to be practiced on cadaver; tracheotomy and intubation came second and third respectively. This research confirmed the application and the effectiveness of cadaver for medical procedural training and the improvement of general medical procedural ability are expected if the cadaver is applied not only to medical schools but also to intern and resident physician training.

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Associated with the Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a disorder characterized by the sustained overproduction of eosinophils and multiple organ damage. Rheumatologic manifestations of HES are infrequent, but persistent eosinophilia is observed in approximately 10% to 40% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This finding may be a result of the RA itself and is often associated with active disease and the presence of extra-articular features. We describe the case of a 48-year-old man affected by HES who subsequently developed RA. Both HES and RA responded rapidly to the corticosteroid and methotrexate therapy. In this patient, the initiation of RA and HES was related, suggesting a common pathogenetic link between these two diseases.

A Variant Extensor Pollicis Brevis Crossing the Anatomical Snuff Box / 계명의대학술지

During an educational dissection, accessory tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle was found on the left side in a Korean cadaver. The abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus muscles showed normal morphology and course: however, narrow muscle belly originated between the extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus muscles. It crossed the anatomical snuff box and then inserted on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. The author describes this previously novel case report and discusses the clinical implications of such a variant.

Hepatic Ischemic Preconditioning Provides Protection Against Distant Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice

We previously demonstrated that there are acute and delayed phases of renal protection against renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury with renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC). This study assessed whether hepatic IPC could also reduce distant renal IR injury through the blood stream-mediated supply of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: group I, sham operated including right nephrectomy; group II (IR), left renal ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion injury; group III (IPC-IR), hepatic ischemia for 10 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion before left renal IR injury; group IV (MPG - IPC + IR), pretreated with 100 mg/kg N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG) 15 min before hepatic IPC and left renal IR injury. Renal function, histopathologic findings, proinflammatory cytokines, and cytoprotective proteins were evaluated 15 min or 24 hr after reperfusion. Hepatic IPC attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and induced inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and the phosphorylation of Akt in the murine kidney. Renal function was better preserved in mice with hepatic IPC (group III) than groups II or IV. Hepatic IPC protects against distant renal IR injury through the blood stream-delivery of hepatic IPC-induced ROS, by inducing cytoprotective proteins, and by inhibiting inflammatory reactions.

Efficacy of Epidural Analgesia in Patients with Cancer Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study

PURPOSE: Pain in terminal cancer patients may be refractory to systemic analgesics or associated with adverse drug reactions to analgesics. Epidural analgesia has been effectively used in such patients for pain control. However, this method does not provide pain relief to all patients. The efficacy and complications of continuous epidural analgesia were evaluated for expanding efficacy in terminal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of patients who received epidural analgesia for over 5 years for the control of terminal cancer pain were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients received 127 epidural catheters. The mean duration for epidural catheterization was 31.5+/-55.6 (5-509) days. The dose of epidural morphine increased by 3.5% per day. The efficacy of epidural analgesia at 2 weeks follow up revealed improved pain control (n=56), as the morphine equivalent drug dose dropped from 213.4 mg/day to 94.1 mg/day (p<0.05) at 2 weeks follow up. Accordingly, after 2 weeks institution of epidural analgesia, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with severe pain, from 78.1% to 19.6% (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia was an effective pain control method in patients with terminal cancer pain, however, a systematized algorithm for the control of cancer-related pain in needed.

Noble Tip for Reduction of V-limb of C-V Flap for Nipple Reconstruction

A nipple can be reconstructed either by nipple sharing or local flap. But donor site scar is inevitable when nipple is reconstructed with local flap method. The scar which remains inside the nipple areolar complex can be hidden by medical tattooing, but elongated scar, which cross over the areolar border leads to poor esthetic result. So as to solve this problem, we used purse string suture method. We reconstructed nipple with C-V flap for 9 patients who previously reconstructed breast with extended latissimus dorsi flap. Purse string suture with 3-0 nylon was used for donor site closure. We minimize 10.7% of the scar length with this method. Enhancement of nipple projection due to the flattening of V limb was attained in addition. We expect the reduction of V-limb of C-V flap and amount of absorption of the reconstructed nipple with purse string suture method.

Volume and Weight Changes of Autologous Costal Cartilage Grafts with and without Perichondrium in Human

Autologous cartilage grafts have become an integral part of aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. However, little objective information is available about the actual quantitative resorption of cartilage in human. This study sought to objectively quantify and compare the resorption of costal cartilage in human. To compare the resorption characteristics of rib cartilage autografts, we harvested rib cartilage grafts from 37 microtia patients. All autografts were implanted subcutaneously on chest and then removed after 6 to 17 months. Graft mass and volume were compared before and after implantion. Rib cartilage grafts with perichondrium averaged 10.8+/-7.4% resorption by volume, On the other hand rib cartilage grafts without perichondrium 25.5+/-6.8%. There was no evidence of necrosis or inflammatory changes. The rib cartilage is the preferred source of autogenous cartilage for auricular reconstruction. Short-term resorption of rib cartilage without perichondrium appears to be higher than with perichondrium. The low resorption of cartilage with perichondrium may be due to in part to cartilage forming capacity of the perichondrium. It remains to be seen whether these differences in resorption persist in the long term.

Reliable and Convenient Method for the Fixation of Hair on Scalp or Eyebrow for Scar Revision

Difficulties with intraoperative fixation of hair or eyebrow sometimes occur because of displacement or dislodgment of hair during surgery. So we have found that the simple application of a small transparent adhesive disposable dressing, such as Tegaderm(R) or OpSite Flexigrid(R), can prevent this. One of the advantages of this technique, compared with stapler fixation of the hair, is that it does not cause local trauma. An OpSite Flexigrid(R)or Tegaderm(R) is placed such that it covers both the scar and operation site hair. The hair or eyebrow were easily, quickly, and firmly positioned even on the nonshaved scalp. The technique seems to have no drawbacks, and when the Tegaderm(R) or Opsite Flexigrid(R) is removed, patient experiences little discomfort. We have never seen an allergic or direct traumatic cutaneous response following the use of these materials.

Breast Reconstruction with the Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutancous Flap

Breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy often experience stress, depression from body changes and loss of femininity. Choice of surgical method is important, because Korean women tend to be sensitive to the shape of the reconstructed breast, donor site scars and the changes in body contour. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was one of the first methods of breast reconstruction. However, due to lack of volume, the latissimus dorsi flap has become a secondary choice for breast reconstruction. The authors evaluated the clinical cases who underwent breast reconstruction with the extended latissimus dorsi flaps at the authors' institution from March 2002 to February 2005. During the period, 87 cases of breast reconstruction with the extended latissimus dorsi flap were performed in 86 patients. All flaps survived completely. There occurred no partial necrosis and fat necrosis. The extended latissimus dorsi flap alone without implant could provide good to excellent autologous breast reconstruction for small to moderate sized breasts. Free TRAM flap is currently considered the "Gold standard" in autogenous breast reconstruction. But, the extended latissimus dorsi flap without implant could provide sufficient volume for breast reconstruction in selected cases and it is a reliable method for autologous breast reconstruction.

Clinical Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Pneumoconiotic Patient / 대한산업의학회지

Recent development in thepolymerase chain reaction (PCR) has brought an extraordinary opportunity for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Pneumoconiosis is a sort of pulmonary fibrosis consequent to inhalation of the respirable dust. The association between pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis is well recognized. There is a 10-fold increase in the tuberculosis risk among the workers who have pneumoconiosis demonstrated by chest roentgenogram. The physicians managing the patients with pneumoconiosis have to maintain a high index of suspicion for the development of mycobacterial infection, since the diagnosis of tuberculosis is often difficult. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a very slow growing organism and acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining frequently shows false negative results, and therefore PCR would be a very rapid, easy and sensitive diagnostic method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pneumoconiotic patients. To compare the PCR method with the conventional methods in diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, we used the sputa of 115 pneumoconiosis patients in Munkyeong Cheil Hospital. Of 32 pulmonary tuberculosis in the pneumoconiosis patients, 29 were PCR positive and were higher than 28, 20 positive by culture and AFB stain. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and which were 90.6, 91.5 % respectively for the PCR assay, 87.5, 100 % for the culture method ; 62.5, 98.7 % for the AFB stain. The PCR assay is a rapid, efficient, sensitive method which can detect M. tuberculosis directly in pneumoconiosis patients, and further study should be followed for the development of the easier method.

The Effect of Salbutamol and Budesonide Inhalation Therapy in Infants with Bronchiolitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether salbtamol and budesonide combined inhalation therapy is more efficacious than conservative treatment for admitted infants with bronchiolitis in early phase. METHODS: The study subjects were 72 infants admitted to Sun Hospital in Taejeon from July 1994 to June 1995, whose age from 1 month to 12 months with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Infants were randomly assigned to different three treatment groups as follw: Group C: 21 infants who received conservative treatment with oxygen (4liter/min); Group A: 23 infants who received salbutamol (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy using ultrasonic nebulizer at 6 hours interval add to conservative therapy; Group B: 28 infants who received budesonide (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy with above mentioned treatment at 12 hours interval. Then, infants were analyzed by comparison of clinical score, repiratory rate at time order of entry, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days after treatment. We also compared ABGA of admission time to 24 hours after treatment of all groups and appreciate total hospital days of three groups. On follow up, same analyzing methods of comparison were used on 42 non-recurrent wheezing infants. RESULTS: The mean values of clinical score and respiratory rate were significantly improved in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation treatment group at 24 hours from medium of 6.1 60.7/min to 2.4, 42.3/min respectly. This effect was sustained thereafter. On the while, salbutamol inhalation group was significantly improved the clinical score and respiratory reate at 12 hours after therapy, but thereafter there was no obvious difference to conservative treatment. After then we exclude the recurrent infants and analyzed above mentioned items retrospectively. The improvement of clinical score and respiratory rate of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy group was significant. Oxygenation was improved after 24hours of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy. Total hospital stay was significantly reduced in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation group, and slightly reduced inthe salbutamol inhalation group. CONCLUSION: Infants with bronchiolitis treated with salbutamol and budesonide inhalation achieved better results in clinical score, repiratory rate PO2, and hospital days than no inhalation therapy. No reapiratory failure was occurred. So, this trial as treatment of bronchiolitis may be useful and effective therapy in those infants.

The Effect of Salbutamol and Budesonide Inhalation Therapy in Infants with Bronchiolitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether salbtamol and budesonide combined inhalation therapy is more efficacious than conservative treatment for admitted infants with bronchiolitis in early phase. METHODS: The study subjects were 72 infants admitted to Sun Hospital in Taejeon from July 1994 to June 1995, whose age from 1 month to 12 months with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Infants were randomly assigned to different three treatment groups as follw: Group C: 21 infants who received conservative treatment with oxygen (4liter/min); Group A: 23 infants who received salbutamol (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy using ultrasonic nebulizer at 6 hours interval add to conservative therapy; Group B: 28 infants who received budesonide (0.1mg/kg) inhalation therapy with above mentioned treatment at 12 hours interval. Then, infants were analyzed by comparison of clinical score, repiratory rate at time order of entry, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days after treatment. We also compared ABGA of admission time to 24 hours after treatment of all groups and appreciate total hospital days of three groups. On follow up, same analyzing methods of comparison were used on 42 non-recurrent wheezing infants. RESULTS: The mean values of clinical score and respiratory rate were significantly improved in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation treatment group at 24 hours from medium of 6.1 60.7/min to 2.4, 42.3/min respectly. This effect was sustained thereafter. On the while, salbutamol inhalation group was significantly improved the clinical score and respiratory reate at 12 hours after therapy, but thereafter there was no obvious difference to conservative treatment. After then we exclude the recurrent infants and analyzed above mentioned items retrospectively. The improvement of clinical score and respiratory rate of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy group was significant. Oxygenation was improved after 24hours of salbutamol and budesonide inhalation therapy. Total hospital stay was significantly reduced in salbutamol and budesonide inhalation group, and slightly reduced inthe salbutamol inhalation group. CONCLUSION: Infants with bronchiolitis treated with salbutamol and budesonide inhalation achieved better results in clinical score, repiratory rate PO2, and hospital days than no inhalation therapy. No reapiratory failure was occurred. So, this trial as treatment of bronchiolitis may be useful and effective therapy in those infants.

A Case of Renal Hypoplasia with Renovascular Hypertension

No abstract available.

Bronchiectasis in infant: A case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration supplied by pylmonary artery: One case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.